Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control


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Often, people attempt to control DC motors with a variable resistor or variable resistor connected to a transistor. While the latter approach works well, it generates heat and hence wastes power. This simple pulse width modulation DC motor control eliminates these problems. It controls the motor speed by driving the motor with short pulses. These pulses vary in duration to change the speed of the motor. The longer the pulses, the faster the motor turns, and vice versa.

Schematic

This is the schematic of the Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control

Parts

Part
Total Qty.
Description
Substitutions
R111 Meg 1/4W Resistor
R21100K Pot
C110.1uF 25V Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C210.01uF 25V Ceramic Disc Capacitor
Q11IRF511 MOSFETIRF620
U114011 CMOS NAND Gate
S11DPDT Switch
M11Motor (See Notes)
MISC1Case, Board, Heatsink, Knob For R2, Socket For U1

Notes

  1. R2 adjusts the speed of the oscillator and therefore the speed of M1.
  2. M1 can be any DC motor that operates from 6V and does not draw more than the maximum current of Q1. The voltage can be increased by connecting the higher voltage to the switch instead of the 6V that powers the oscillator. Be sure not to exceed the power rating of Q1 if you do this.
  3. Q1 will need a heatsink.
  4. Q1 in the parts list can handle a maximum of 5A. Use the IRF620 for 6A, if you need any higher.
  5. This circuit is not a true pulse width modulation control. Because only the frequency of pulses varies, it is really pulse frequency modulation. This works, though not as well as true PWM.

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Comments

abdo
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Saturday, May 10, 2008 4:24:51 PM
help me about control motion of DC MOTOR every motion one degree every 4 mintes tanks
Ranjeet
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Sunday, April 13, 2008 11:36:52 PM
Can this PWM technique be used to control speeds of higher power motors using SCRs/TRIACs
anonymous
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Wednesday, March 26, 2008 2:55:32 AM
There are enough PWM circuits around the internet based on the 555 for anyones handy use. Size the output transistor ( ideally a power FET ) for whatever you are driving, and limit the supply to the 55 to about 15vd max, Its not too particular about it's supply being ' well regulated' the whole point of it's design!
anonymous
Pulse Width Modulation - speed control of single phase induction motor
Sunday, March 02, 2008 2:20:31 AM
Hi.. Im doing the project on the topic mentioned.I want some theory for the chopper fed with uncontrolled rectifier and controlled by a PWMsignal...
anonymous
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Wednesday, February 27, 2008 12:07:27 PM
are there any examples with CMOS cd4016 switches. specifically, various events at timing sequences[ 1 minute, 2 minutes so on] are activated...with the switch in question.
Dude
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Wednesday, February 20, 2008 1:57:04 AM
for a class project i have to build a go cart that has a car starter motor on it would this be the thing to use??? keeping in mind that the car starter motor kan draw up to 700 amp at peak!!!!!! thanx for ur help !!!!
paul brown
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Sunday, January 27, 2008 4:28:12 AM
this is a pulse FREQUENCY motor speed controller, not Pulse width. you are only varying the frequncy of pulses , and it will always operate at 50% duty cycle.
zak
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Saturday, January 26, 2008 7:50:47 AM
So how do we to go about doing a PIC based PWM motor speed controller? Any schematics to help ? thx!
Audioguru
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Thursday, January 17, 2008 10:22:43 AM
This circuit does not produce PWM. The two Cmos inverters are connected as an ordinary variable frequency oscillator. The motor will receive a square-wave so will run at about half power. Changing the frequency will change its power a little because of its inductance. When the pot is shorted then the motor will jump to full speed or will stop.
bala
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Thursday, January 17, 2008 2:18:06 AM
nice one
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