Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control


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Often, people attempt to control DC motors with a variable resistor or variable resistor connected to a transistor. While the latter approach works well, it generates heat and hence wastes power. This simple pulse width modulation DC motor control eliminates these problems. It controls the motor speed by driving the motor with short pulses. These pulses vary in duration to change the speed of the motor. The longer the pulses, the faster the motor turns, and vice versa.

Schematic

This is the schematic of the Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control

Parts

Part
Total Qty.
Description
Substitutions
R111 Meg 1/4W Resistor
R21100K Pot
C110.1uF 25V Ceramic Disc Capacitor
C210.01uF 25V Ceramic Disc Capacitor
Q11IRF511 MOSFETIRF620
U114011 CMOS NAND Gate
S11DPDT Switch
M11Motor (See Notes)
MISC1Case, Board, Heatsink, Knob For R2, Socket For U1

Notes

  1. R2 adjusts the speed of the oscillator and therefore the speed of M1.
  2. M1 can be any DC motor that operates from 6V and does not draw more than the maximum current of Q1. The voltage can be increased by connecting the higher voltage to the switch instead of the 6V that powers the oscillator. Be sure not to exceed the power rating of Q1 if you do this.
  3. Q1 will need a heatsink.
  4. Q1 in the parts list can handle a maximum of 5A. Use the IRF620 for 6A, if you need any higher.
  5. This circuit is not a true pulse width modulation control. Because only the frequency of pulses varies, it is really pulse frequency modulation. This works, though not as well as true PWM.

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Comments

jeffrey wascome
Pulse Width Modulation DC hydrogen fuel cell
Friday, August 15, 2008 11:09:29 PM
i need a pwm switch to control my hho cell i need to feed it with some where between 5 to 15 amps . is there away it can be built to take care what i want

(Editor's notes: Good luck with that: http://www.aaroncake.net/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=7606)

anonymous
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Friday, July 25, 2008 4:02:30 PM
In fact, this circuit WILL NEVER work ! ! The motor will never spin ! ! there is a component missing ! ! Without a freewheeling diode in parallel with the motor, it doesn't even start spinning...

(Editor's notes: It works as pictured. I've built it several times. However it is simply not a PWM controller, but a pulse-frequency-modulation controller.)

Humberto Bravo
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Tuesday, July 22, 2008 2:56:39 PM
I need to build a controller PWM mulation motor 14 volts an 30 amps rating will you please help mi out. thank's
GTech
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Sunday, June 22, 2008 6:32:37 AM
I'm new to this tech, but I wanted to know, can this be used in combination with a PWM or is it intended to replace the PWM. for example I want to limit amperage usage to 25 amps and the frequency at 20k, or am I completely missing the point. Please advise.
Carl
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Wednesday, June 04, 2008 3:18:12 AM
I need a pwm to handle 12 volts @ 5 to 10 amps. will the circuit on this page manage that? Thanks
abdo
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Saturday, May 10, 2008 4:24:51 PM
help me about control motion of DC MOTOR every motion one degree every 4 mintes tanks
Ranjeet
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Sunday, April 13, 2008 11:36:52 PM
Can this PWM technique be used to control speeds of higher power motors using SCRs/TRIACs
anonymous
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Wednesday, March 26, 2008 2:55:32 AM
There are enough PWM circuits around the internet based on the 555 for anyones handy use. Size the output transistor ( ideally a power FET ) for whatever you are driving, and limit the supply to the 55 to about 15vd max, Its not too particular about it's supply being ' well regulated' the whole point of it's design!
anonymous
Pulse Width Modulation - speed control of single phase induction motor
Sunday, March 02, 2008 2:20:31 AM
Hi.. Im doing the project on the topic mentioned.I want some theory for the chopper fed with uncontrolled rectifier and controlled by a PWMsignal...
anonymous
Pulse Width Modulation DC Motor Control
Wednesday, February 27, 2008 12:07:27 PM
are there any examples with CMOS cd4016 switches. specifically, various events at timing sequences[ 1 minute, 2 minutes so on] are activated...with the switch in question.
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